The European Union is once again facing the consequences of its high dependence on imported fossil fuels – as much as 57% of total energy consumption is sourced from imports, significantly increasing vulnerability to external disruptions. As stated by the European Commission within the framework of the AccelerateEU Energy Union plan, rising energy prices are already having direct adverse effects on households and the economy, particularly on small and medium-sized enterprises and energy-intensive sectors.
The said plan forms part of the EU’s ongoing response, which will continue to be adjusted in line with evolving circumstances, with the possibility of introducing additional measures. It sets out five key lines of action, with the objective of simultaneously providing short-term consumer protection and strengthening the resilience of the energy system in the medium and long term.
First, enhanced coordination between Member States and with international partners is envisaged. Measures implemented under the REPowerEU Plan have already contributed to an 18% reduction in gas consumption, thereby easing market pressures and improving supply stability.
Second, the plan includes measures aimed at protecting consumers and businesses from price shocks, including subsidies, tax reliefs, and social tariffs, alongside specific mechanisms for protecting the most vulnerable categories. At the same time, investments in clean technologies are being encouraged in order to achieve a long-term reduction in costs and dependence on fossil fuels.
Third, emphasis is placed on accelerating the transition to domestic clean energy sources and electrification. This includes the development of renewable energy sources, simplification of regulatory procedures, modernisation of existing capacities, as well as the expansion of electrification in industry, heating, and transport, accompanied by the development of supporting infrastructure.
Fourth, the improvement of the energy system is recognised as a key precondition for energy security. Priorities include the development of cross-border infrastructure, modernisation of grids, and removal of systemic bottlenecks, alongside wider deployment of smart technologies and energy storage capacities.
Finally, particular focus is placed on investment mobilisation. Although significant public funds have already been allocated, estimated investment needs amount to approximately EUR 660 billion annually until 2030, which implies the necessity of greater involvement of private capital in financing the energy transition.
Taken as a whole, the proposed measures confirm that energy security, economic stability, and climate policy constitute interlinked objectives requiring a coordinated and accelerated institutional response.